How to Choose a Line Array Speaker for Live Sound

How to Choose a Line Array Speaker for Live Sound

Understand your venue and audience

Start by mapping the venue: indoor vs outdoor, seating type (standing, seated, terraces), audience size and distance to the stage. Line array speakers are ideal for medium-to-large venues and festivals because they provide controlled vertical coverage and long throw. For smaller rooms or close-packed clubs, a point-source PA might be more economical. Knowing the space helps determine how many modules and what dispersion you need.

Define coverage: horizontal and vertical dispersion

Pick a line array with appropriate horizontal and vertical dispersion. Typical mid/high modules offer horizontal coverage of 60°–120° (common: 90°), while vertical coverage per module is narrow (often 6°–20°) to allow multiple boxes to form a continuous vertical pattern. Use a narrower vertical pattern if you need long throw; wider patterns work better for shorter, wider audiences. Properly splayed modules create a smooth vertical coverage and avoid hotspots or holes.

SPL and power requirements for live events

Estimate the required SPL (sound pressure level) for your event type and target positions. Typical target levels: 85–95 dB Leq for spoken-word houses of worship or corporate events; 95–105 dB Leq for most live music; peak SPLs can reach 110–120 dB near the front rows for rock concerts. Choose line array speakers and amplifiers that provide enough headroom. Typical line array module sensitivity ranges around 100–105 dB (1W/1m) with program power ratings often from 500–2500 W, depending on design.

Array size and module count: predicting throw and coverage

Select the number of cabinets by modeling coverage and SPL. More modules increase coherent output and extend controlled coverage. A practical rule: doubling cabinet count usually adds roughly +3 dB SPL in the far-field; use this to estimate how many modules you need to reach target SPL at your furthest audience point. Always model with manufacturer software or third-party acoustic tools to confirm splay angles and overlap zones.

Flown vs ground-stacked arrays

Decide between flown (rigged) arrays and ground-stacked/ground-fired configurations. Flown arrays provide even coverage across the audience and are standard for medium to large shows. Ground stacks or flown/ground hybrids are used where rigging points or budgets are limited. Ensure rigging hardware and the venue structure can safely support the weight and dynamic loads of flown line array speakers.

Active (powered) versus passive line array speakers

Choose active or passive based on logistics, scalability, and cost. Active line array speakers include built-in amplifiers and DSP, simplifying setup and ensuring matched electronics. Passive arrays require external amplifiers and processors but can be more flexible for rental houses with existing racks. Understand the trade-offs in transport weight, setup speed, and upfront costs.

Processing, presets and system tuning

Modern line array speakers rely on DSP for delay, crossover, EQ, and protection. Use manufacturer-provided presets as starting points, then fine-tune with real-world measurements (RTA, FFT) and listening tests. Apply time alignment between array and subwoofers, and use delay zones or delay towers for very long venues. Consider FIR processing for phase-linear control when available.

Subwoofers and low-frequency control

Integrate subwoofers to extend low-end impact. For clean low-frequency control in cardioid setups, consider cardioid sub configurations or end-fire arrays—these improve front-to-back rejection and reduce stage bleed. Match subwoofer extension to line array LF capability: many line array modules begin rolling off below 70–90 Hz, so sub integration is critical for music-driven events.

Rigging, safety and mechanical considerations

Verify rigging hardware ratings and use certified flying frames and safety chains. Line array manufacturers provide maximum array lengths, angles and safe working loads—follow them precisely. Use qualified riggers, calculate total load with accessories and weather contingencies for outdoor shows. Check local regulations and venue certificates before flying any array.

System components: amplifiers, processors and cabling

Whether active or passive, your system needs reliable amplification and networked processing. For passive arrays size amplifiers with proper headroom and use modern DSP for crossover and limiting. For active arrays, ensure spare power and network paths (AES/AVB/Dante) are robust and labeled. High-quality NL4/EU/ethernet cabling and redundant power paths reduce failure risk in the field.

Budgeting and total cost of ownership

Consider the full lifecycle cost: initial speaker purchase, amplifiers (if passive), processors, rigging, transport cases, labor for setup, and service. Active line array speakers can reduce amp rack costs and setup time, but have higher per-cabinet cost. For rental companies, flexibility and modularity are important; for venues, integrated active systems may be more attractive for predictable shows.

Practical checklist before buying line array speakers

Use this checklist: 1) Define venue types and max audience size, 2) Set target SPL and coverage angles, 3) Choose active vs passive, 4) Confirm rigging and flight hardware, 5) Plan for subwoofer integration, 6) Budget for processing and transport, 7) Ask for measurement-based prediction files from the manufacturer.

Why choose T.I Audio line array speakers

T.I Audio is a leading pro audio manufacturer in China for 14 years, offering line arrays, PA speakers, stage monitors, subwoofers, amplifiers, processors, digital mixers and wireless microphones. With a 100-person production line, an 8-person engineering team with 20+ years’ experience, and sales presence in over 100 countries, T.I Audio provides complete system solutions for live shows, concerts, churches, festivals, KTV, clubs and rental companies. Visit https://www.ti-audio.com/ for product specs and prediction support.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: When should I choose a line array over point-source speakers?

A: Choose a line array for medium-to-large venues where controlled vertical coverage and long throw are needed. For compact venues under ~300 people, a point-source system may be more cost-effective.

Q: How many line array cabinets do I need for a 2,000-person outdoor concert?

A: It depends on the array module specs and desired SPL. As a starting point, many 2,000-person shows use flown arrays of 10–16 modules per side with appropriate ground or flown subwoofers. Always run prediction software for accurate sizing.

Q: Are active line array speakers better for touring?

A: Active cabinets reduce amp racks and can speed setup, which benefits touring. However, they add weight to each cabinet. Touring choice depends on logistics, crew, and existing infrastructure.

Q: What SPL should I target for a live music audience?

A: Aim for a long-term Leq of 95–105 dB for live music venues, with short-term peaks up to 110–120 dB near the front. Respect local noise regulations and hearing-safety best practices.

Q: How important is DSP and tuning for a line array?

A: Critical. DSP handles delay, crossover, limiting, and EQ to shape array response and protect drivers. Manufacturer presets are useful starting points; measure and tune on-site for best results.

Q: Can I mix modules from different manufacturers?

A: Mixing cabinets from different manufacturers is not recommended. Different waveguides, phase behavior and voicing can create uneven coverage and interference. If mixing is unavoidable, extensive measurement and DSP correction are required.